A Case Study of Academics’ Knowledge Sharing Motivations at Malaysian Public Academic Institutions

This qualitative case study aims to explore and describe the academicians’ knowledge sharing motivations in a Malaysian public university. A single case study was conducted with the aim to gather deeper insights on the knowledge sharing motivation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A total of 15 renowned academicians were interviewed. Content analysis method was used to extract the knowledge sharing motivations from the qualitative data. The research results reveal seven important factors which motivate academicians to share their knowledge. These motivations are build reputation, acknowledgement (includes gain rewards, get a promotion, and recognition), to be knowledgeable, reciprocity, vision and mission, mentoring, personal beliefs (includes culture, sense of responsibility, and religion). The research comprehensive analysis and results would expand an area of knowledge sharing motivations among academicians in universities which may still theoretically and empirically not adequately explored and described

Incorporating knowledge sharing behaviour in a knowledge management system for academic institutions / Alsaleh Saad Abdullah R

This thesis proposed a knowledge management system framework for academic institutions based on academicians’ knowledge sharing behaviour. The current knowledge management systems in higher learning institutions do not capture and represent most of the knowledge types in the academic institutions and little attention has been given to human aspects. A qualitative research approaches were employed in this research. This research was carried out in four stages which are: knowledge acquisition; data collection; data analysis and findings; and development of a knowledge management system framework. The research site was at Malaysia’s largest academic institution in terms of size and population. The study discovered two types of knowledge shared among academicians; namely: corporate knowledge and social knowledge. The knowledge sharing networks among the academicians include Community of Practice network, Personal network, and Business Club network

Incorporating knowledge sharing behaviour in a knowledge management system for academic institutions / Alsaleh Saad

This thesis proposed a knowledge management system framework for academic institutions based on academicians' knowledge sharing behaviour. The current knowledge management systems in higher learning institutions do not capture and represent most of the knowledge types in the academic institutions and little attention has been given to human aspects. A qualitative research approaches were employed in this research. This research was carried out in four stages which are: knowledge acquisition; data collection; data analysis and findings; and development of a knowledge management system framework. The research site was at Malaysia's largest academic institution in terms of size and population. The study discovered two types of knowledge shared among academicians; namely: corporate knowledge and social knowledge. The knowledge sharing networks among the academicians include Community of Practice network, Personal network, and Business Club network. The study also identified two main knowledge sharing methods used by academicians to share knowledge which are synchronous and asynchronous. Five knowledge sharing motivations among academicians were identified: building a reputation, acknowledgement, to be knowledgeable, vision and mission, and reciprocity. The study identified three issues that academicians recommended to be considered. These issues are: offer information about experts, manage and categorize contents, and ensure accessibility. This research contributed toward new knowledge through the development of a knowledge management system framework which drew upon qualitative findings. The administrations of universities may utilize the proposed framework as a guide for their KS activities among academicians

Topical Intranasal Fluorescein to Diagnose and Localize Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Systematic Review

Objective:This study evaluates the available evidence regarding using topical intranasal fluorescein (TINF) to diagnose and localize nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.Methods:A literature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Ovid to identify the articles providing insight into using TINF to diagnose CSF leak preoperatively or to localize the leak intraoperatively. The articles from the database were screened and filtered by two authors according to the selection criteria. A spreadsheet was created to collect the data including demographic characteristics, the sensitivity and specificity of TINF for diagnosing and localizing a CSF leak, the protocol of applying TINF, and the complications.Results:After excluding duplicates and articles that did not meet our selection criteria, we included five reports in the final analysis. The average age of the 94 participants was 39.5, and there was an equal distribution of males and females. The sensitivity of TINF to make a preoperative diagnosis of CSF leak was 100%, and it was 97% to localize the site intraoperatively. Complications associated with TINF were not reported in any of the reports. This review showed a grade C recommendation based on five case series.Conclusion:Based on the current evidence, TINF cannot be recommended for standard clinical practice. It can, however, be considered in situations where other gold standard tools are unavailable since it is feasible and easy to use. A standardized control trial should be conducted to yield additional unbiased evidence

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise. The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included.Peer reviewe

Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

Organophosphorus insecticides including chlorpyrifos (CPF) are mainly used for agriculture, household, and military purposes; their application is associated with various adverse reactions in animals and humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of red beetroot methanolic extract (RBR) against CPF-induced cortical damage. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7 in each group): the control group was administered physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), the CPF group was administered CPF (10 mg/kg), the RBR group was administered RBR (300 mg/kg), and the RBR+CPF group was treated with RBR (300 mg/kg) 1 hr before CPF (10 mg/kg) supplementation. All groups were treated for 28 days. Rats exposed to CPF exhibited a significant decrease in cortical acetylcholinesterase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein. CPF intoxication increased lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production. This was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione content and in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the cortical tissue. Additionally, CPF enhanced inflammatory response, indicated by increased levels and expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPF triggered neuronal apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 and downregulating Bcl-2. However, RBR reversed the induced neuronal alterations following CPF intoxication. Our findings suggest that RBR can minimize and prevent CPF neurotoxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities

Comparative catalytic evaluation of nickel and cobalt substituted phosphomolybdic acid catalyst supported on silica for hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica (PMoA), and phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica substituted with nickel (Ni-PMoA), cobalt (Co-PMoA), are prepared with different loadings. All catalysts have been characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), BET surface area, Solid-state 31P NMR spectra, FT-IR, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) and Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface areas of the catalysts are slightly lower than the surface area of the silica used in making these catalysts, while the XRD studies indicated the amorphous nature of the prepared catalysts. All catalysts are tested for their activity in the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene in the temperature range of 300â500 °C. Under similar conditions the silica supported catalyst i.e. PMoA, showed lower hydrodesulfurization activity, compared to the nickel and cobalt substituted heteropoly acids, i.e. Ni-PMoA and Co-PMoA, indicating enhancement of catalytic activity with substitution of nickel and cobalt. Moreover, the nickel-substituted catalyst, Ni-PMoA, showed slightly higher activity than the cobalt-substituted ones, Co-PMoA. At 500 °C, Ni-PMoA gave a 99.6% HDS conversion of thiophene whereas the Co-PMoA yielded a 98.3%. HDS conversion of thiophene. Brønsted/Lewis acidity of the catalyst precursor appear to be essential for the catalytic hydrodesulfurization. Keywords: Heteropoly acids, Nickel, Cobalt, Hydrodesulfurization (HDS), Thiophene, Brønsted/Lewis acidit

The interventions and outcomes associated with fall-related injuries at tertiary hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study

Introduction: fall-related injuries are an important health concern around the globe, imposing an immense economic burden. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interventions and outcomes associated with fall-related injuries in a tertiary hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: a cross-sectional study including 264 patients with fall-related injuries was conducted at the King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Centre for Health Care and other hospitals in Al Kharj from March 01, 2019 to November 30, 2019. The patients were recruited, identified at the point of presentation to the emergency department and followed through the triage, admission and discharge processes. The researchers analysed the participant´s clinical notes on the electronic health record (EHR) to obtain information relevant to the study, including demographic information, the injury patterns and their management. Results: most patients studied were children under the age of 10 (25.7%). The vast majority (96.9%) of patients fell from a height, while the rest fell from a height onto a sharp object. Most of them (90.9%) had experienced no shock symptoms. Upper limb injuries had the highest prevalence (37.8%), followed by lower limb injuries (22.7%), head injuries (19.7%) and skull fractures (13.6%). Invasive surgery, blood transfusions, admission to intensive care (ICU) and thoracostomy (chest tube) were required by 74%, 3%, 3% and 2% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: fall-related injuries may result in invasive surgery, chest drain insertion, or ICU admission, increasing the burden on the healthcare system